1. Chipangizo chapadera
Pofuna kuchepetsa kusintha kwa malo ozungulira kukula chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kukula kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, wopanga laser kudula dongosolo amapereka zipangizo zapadera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha:
(1) Collimator.Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino, ndiye kuti, collimator imawonjezedwa kumapeto kwa CO2 laser pakukulitsa.Pambuyo pakukulitsa, kutalika kwa mtengowo kumakhala kokulirapo ndipo ngodya yosiyana imakhala yaying'ono, kotero kuti kukula kwa mtengo kusanafike kumapeto ndi kumapeto kwenikweni kumakhala kofanana ndi komwe kumagwirira ntchito.
(2) Mzere wodziyimira wodziyimira pawokha wa mandala osuntha amawonjezedwa kumutu wodulira, womwe ndi magawo awiri odziyimira pawokha okhala ndi Z axis omwe amawongolera mtunda pakati pa nozzle ndi zinthu zakuthupi.Pamene worktable ya chida makina kusuntha kapena kuwala olamulira kusuntha, ndi F-olamulira mtengo amayenda kuchokera kufupi mapeto akutali pa nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti m'mimba mwake amakhalabe chimodzimodzi m'dera lonse processing pambuyo mtengo wakhazikika.
(3) Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwamadzi kwa lens yoyang'ana (nthawi zambiri zitsulo zowunikira).Ngati kukula kwa mtengo kusanayang'ane kumakhala kocheperako ndipo kukula kwa malo olowera kumakulirakulira, mphamvu yamadzi imayendetsedwa yokha kuti isinthe kupindika kuti muchepetse kukula kwa malo olunjika.
(4) The chipukuta misozi kuwala njira dongosolo mu X ndi Y malangizo anawonjezera kuwuluka kuwala njira kudula makina.Ndiko kuti, pamene njira ya kuwala kwa distal mapeto a kudula ukuwonjezeka, chipukuta misozi kuwala njira yafupikitsidwa;M'malo mwake, pamene njira ya kuwala pafupi ndi mapeto odulira imachepetsedwa, njira yolipirira yolipiridwa imachulukitsidwa kuti kutalika kwa njira ya kuwala kukhale kofanana.
2. Kudula ndi kubowola luso
Mtundu uliwonse waukadaulo wodula matenthedwe, kupatulapo zochepa zomwe zimatha kuyambira m'mphepete mwa mbale, nthawi zambiri dzenje laling'ono liyenera kubowoleredwa pa mbale.M'mbuyomu, mu makina osindikizira a laser, dzenje lidakhomeredwa ndi nkhonya, kenako ndikudula kuchokera pachibowo chaching'ono ndi laser.Pakuti laser kudula makina popanda chidindo chipangizo, pali njira ziwiri zofunika perforation:
(1) Kubowola kuphulika: zinthuzo zitawunikiridwa ndi laser mosalekeza, dzenje limapangidwa pakati, kenako zinthu zosungunuka zimachotsedwa mwachangu ndi mpweya wotuluka coaxial ndi mtengo wa laser kupanga dzenje.Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa dzenje kumayenderana ndi makulidwe a mbale.Avereji awiri a dzenje lophulika ndi theka la makulidwe a mbale.Choncho, kuphulika kwa dzenje la mbale yokhuthala ndi yaikulu osati yozungulira.Sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zomwe zili ndi zofunika kwambiri (monga chitoliro cha msoko wa mafuta), koma pazinyalala zokha.Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa mpweya wa okosijeni womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola ndi wofanana ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito podula, kuwombako kumakhala kwakukulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuphulika kwa pulse kumafunikanso njira yodalirika yoyendetsera gasi kuti izindikire kusintha kwa mtundu wa gasi ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya komanso kuwongolera nthawi yoboola.Pankhani ya pulse perforation, kuti muthe kudulidwa kwapamwamba kwambiri, ukadaulo wosinthira kuchokera ku pulse perforation pomwe chogwiriracho chimakhala choyima mpaka kuthamanga kosalekeza kosalekeza kudula kwa workpiece kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.Mwachidziwitso, magawo odulidwa a gawo lothamangitsira nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthidwa, monga kutalika kwapakati, malo amphuno, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi zina zotero, koma kwenikweni, sizingatheke kusintha zomwe zili pamwambapa chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa.
3. Kapangidwe ka nozzles ndiukadaulo wowongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya
Pamene laser kudula zitsulo, mpweya ndi lolunjika laser mtengo amawomberedwa kwa zinthu odulidwa kudzera nozzle, kuti apange mpweya otaya mtengo.Chofunika kwambiri pakuyenda kwa mpweya ndikuti mpweya wopita kumalo odulidwawo ukhale waukulu ndipo liwiro liyenera kukhala lalikulu, kotero kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni okwanira apangitse kuti zinthu zodulidwazo zizichita bwino kwambiri;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali mphamvu yokwanira yopopera ndi kutulutsa zinthu zosungunuka.Choncho, kuwonjezera pa khalidwe la mtengo ndi ulamuliro wake zimakhudza mwachindunji kudula khalidwe, kamangidwe ka nozzle ndi kulamulira kayendedwe ka mpweya (monga kuthamanga nozzle, udindo wa workpiece mu mpweya otaya, etc. ) nawonso ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.Mphuno yodulira laser imatenga mawonekedwe osavuta, ndiye kuti, dzenje lokhala ndi dzenje laling'ono lozungulira kumapeto.Kuyesera ndi njira zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Chifukwa mphuno nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mkuwa wofiyira ndipo imakhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono, ndi gawo lowopsa ndipo limayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kotero kuwerengera ndi kusanthula kwa hydrodynamic sikumachitika.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, mpweya wokhala ndi mphamvu ya PN (gauge pressure PG) umayambitsidwa kuchokera kumbali ya mphuno, yomwe imatchedwa kuthamanga kwa nozzle.Imatulutsidwa kuchokera pamphuno ndikufikira pa workpiece pamtunda wina.Kuthamanga kwake kumatchedwa PC kuthamanga, ndipo pamapeto pake mpweya umakula mpaka kupanikizika kwapamlengalenga PA.Ntchito yofufuza ikuwonetsa kuti pakuwonjezeka kwa PN, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kumawonjezeka ndipo PC imakulanso.
Njira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera: v = 8.2d2 (PG + 1) V - kuchuluka kwa gasi L / malingaliro - nozzle m'mimba mwake MMPg - kuthamanga kwa nozzle (gauge pressure) bar
Pali magawo osiyanasiyana amphamvu agasi osiyanasiyana.Kuthamanga kwa nozzle kukadutsa mtengo uwu, kutuluka kwa gasi kumakhala kowoneka bwino, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumachokera ku subsonic kupita ku supersonic.Chigawo ichi chikugwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha PN ndi PA ndi mlingo wa ufulu (n) wa mamolekyu a mpweya: mwachitsanzo, n = 5 mpweya ndi mpweya, kotero kuti pakhomo pake PN = 1bar × (1.2) 3.5 = 1.89bar. Kuthamanga kwa nozzle ndikokwera kwambiri, PN / PA = (1 + 1 / N) 1 + n / 2 (PN; 4bar), kutuluka kwa mpweya ndikwachilendo, chisindikizo cha oblique chimakhala chodabwitsa, kuthamanga kwa PC kumachepa, mpweya. kuthamanga kwamadzi kumachepa, ndipo mafunde a eddy amapangidwa pamwamba pa workpiece, zomwe zimafooketsa ntchito ya mpweya pochotsa zinthu zosungunuka ndipo zimakhudza kuthamanga kwachangu.Choncho, nozzle ndi dzenje conical ndi dzenje laling'ono kuzungulira kumapeto amatengedwa, ndi mpweya mpweya kuthamanga nozzle nthawi zambiri zosakwana 3bar.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-26-2022
